Radical Reconstruction

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Radical

Reconstruction,

also known as Congressional Reconstruction, is the period after the Civil War when Congress led the effort to rebuild the nation. Radical means complete and dramatic change. This effort began because Republican lawmakers, led by a vocal group known as Radical Republicans, disagreed with Presidential Reconstruction policies enacted under President Andrew Johnson.

Read about these disagreements in the following passage. Then answer the question below.

In May 1865, President Johnson set mild terms for former Confederate states to rejoin the Union, pardoning most rebel leaders and allowing them to be elected to state and national offices. Within a few months, Southern states passed Black Codes, which were laws severely limiting the rights of formerly enslaved people. They forced many Black people to work for their former slaveowners by punishing them for refusing to sign contracts and making it hard for them to find new employers.

Congressional Republicans condemned Johnson's mild approach and the Black Codes for betraying the Union cause and allowing the South to return to a version of its old economic and political order. In response, they passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which protected freed people's rights to make contracts, sue, and receive equal legal protection. President Johnson, using racist arguments, vetoed the law, claiming it gave the federal government too much power over the states. For congressional Republicans, this was the breaking point in their conflict with Johnson. A month later, Congress overrode a presidential veto for the first time in U.S. history. Radical Reconstruction had begun.

Based on the passage, which events led congressional Republicans to take a more radical approach to Reconstruction? Select all that apply.

The Black Codes demonstrated that Southern governments would not protect Black Americans' rights.

The veto of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 demonstrated that the president would not protect Black Americans' rights.

President Johnson's pardons of former Confederate leaders showed he was not committed to remaking the South.

The Black Codes indicated that the federal government was taking necessary steps to protect Black Americans.

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Presidential Reconstruction - U.S. History A5P