Read the following passage from The Great
Fire.
In this excerpt, the author describes what the construction of buildings in Chicago was like in the nineteenth century.Chicago in 1871 was a city ready to burn. The city boasted having 59,500 buildings, many of them— such as the Courthouse and the Tribune Building— large and ornately decorated. The trouble was that about two- thirds of all these structures were made entirely of wood. Many of the remaining buildings (even the ones proclaimed to be "fireproof") looked solid, but were actually jerry- built affairs; the stone or brick exteriors hid wooden frames and floors, all topped with highly flammable tar or shingle roofs. It was also a common practice to disguise wood as another kind of building material. The fancy exterior decorations on just about every building were carved from wood, then painted to look like stone or marble. [ . . . ]
The situation was worst in the middle- class and poorer districts. Lot sizes were small, and owners usually filled them up with cottages, barns, sheds, and outhouses— all made of fast- burning wood, naturally. [ . . . ] Interspersed in these residential areas were a variety of businesses— paint factories, lumberyards, distilleries, gasworks, mills, furniture manufacturers, warehouses, and coal distributors.
Wealthier districts were by no means free of fire hazards. Stately stone and brick homes had wood interiors, and stood side by side with smaller wood- frame houses. Wooden stables and other storage buildings were common, and trees lined the streets and filled the yards.
[ . . . ] Chicago had been built largely on soggy marshland that flooded every time it rained. As the years passed and the town developed, a quick solution to the water and mud problem was needed. The answer was to make the roads and sidewalks out of wood and elevate them above the waterline, in some places by several feet. On the day the fire started, over 55 miles of pine- block streets and 600 miles of wooden sidewalks bound the 23,000 acres of the city in a highly combustible knot.
Fires were common in all cities back then, and Chicago was no exception. In 1863 there had been 186 reported fires in Chicago; the number had risen to 515 by 1868. Records for 1870 indicate that fire- fighting companies responded to nearly 600 alarms. The next year saw even more fires spring up, mainly because the summer had been unusually dry. Between July and October only a few scattered showers had taken place and these did not produce much water at all. Trees drooped in the unrelenting summer sun; grass and leaves dried out. By October, as many as six fires were breaking out every day. On Saturday the seventh, the night before the Great Fire, a blaze destroyed four blocks and took over sixteen hours to control. What made Sunday the eighth different and particularly dangerous was the steady wind blowing in from the southwest.
From Jim Murphy, The Great Fire. Copyright 1995 by Jim Murphy
What is this passage mainly about?
It is about the building practices and weather conditions that made an 1871 Chicago fire so destructive.
It is about the differences between the construction materials used in rich and poor neighborhoods in Chicago.
It is about the drought that occurred in the summer of 1871 in Chicago and how it contributed to the fire outbreaks.
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