IXL | Match causes and effects in informational texts

Read the text.

In curling, players use brooms to maneuver a giant stone to the center of a bull's-eye. Historically, the brooms were made from natural fibers, but that has changed in recent years. A broom made with artificial materials, dubbed the "Frankenbroom," gave players more control over the stone—too much control, according to fifty of the top curling teams. As a result of the controversy, Frankenbrooms were banned in 2015. However, other brooms have also raised concerns. For this reason, Canada's World Curling Federation (WCF) and the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) joined forces to measure how different brooms affect the stone and the ice.

Match causes with their effects.

Officials banned the brooms.

The WCF and NRC tested the brooms.

Cause

Effect

Frankenbrooms caused controversy.

Learn with an example

question

Read the text.

The respiratory system is composed of airways, lungs, blood vessels, and muscles working together to supply oxygen to all parts of your body. The diaphragm, a muscle located beneath the lungs, plays an important role. When you inhale, the diaphragm squeezes, or contracts, and moves downward. As a consequence, there is more room for the lungs to expand as they fill with air. When you exhale, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, which leads to air being pushed out of the lungs.

Match causes with their effects.

Air moves out of the lungs.

Air moves into the lungs.

Cause

Effect

The diaphragm contracts and moves downward.

The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward.

key idea

Understanding cause and effect relationships can help you see how events or ideas in a text are connected to one another. Writers use signal words and phrases, like because, as a result of, led to, and consequently, to connect causes with their effects.

The Norman victory at the Battle of Hastings led to many changes in the grammar and vocabulary of the English language.

Cause: The Normans won the Battle of Hastings.

Effect: The grammar and vocabulary of the English language changed.

In many industrial metropolitan areas, it is common to find cases of asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema resulting from long-term exposure to air pollution.

Cause: Long-term exposure to air pollution often occurs in industrial areas.

Effect: It is common to see cases of asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema in these areas.

solution

Look at the cause-and-effect words in the passage.

The respiratory system is composed of airways, lungs, blood vessels, and muscles working together to supply oxygen to all parts of your body. The diaphragm, a muscle located beneath the lungs, plays an important role. When you inhale, the diaphragm squeezes, or contracts, and moves downward. As a consequence, there is more room for the lungs to expand as they fill with air. When you exhale, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, which leads to air being pushed out of the lungs.

These words help show how different causes and effects are connected in the text.

Cause

Effect

The diaphragm contracts and moves downward.

Air moves into the lungs.

The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward.

Air moves out of the lungs.

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R.1Transitions with conjunctive adverbs

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