H.1

The rise of U.S. imperialism

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In the mid-1800s, Manifest

Destiny—the

belief that the U.S. was culturally superior and destined to expand its land and influence—led the country to expand its borders to the west. By 1890, Americans had settled enough western lands for the U.S. Census Bureau to declare that there was no longer a western frontier. In 1893, historian Frederick Jackson Turner expressed concern about the end of the frontier. Read an excerpt from Turner's essay. Then answer the question below.

This perennial rebirth . . . this expansion westward with its new opportunities . . . [defines] American character . . . . So long as free land exists, the opportunity for a competency exists, and economic power secures political power . . . .

Since the days when the fleet of Columbus sailed into the waters of the New World, America has been another name for opportunity . . . . the American energy will continually demand a wider field for its exercise. But never again will such gifts of free land offer themselves . . . .

And now, four centuries from the discovery of America, at the end of a hundred years of life under the Constitution, the frontier has gone, and with its going has closed the first period of American history.

perennial

continual

Based on the excerpt, why would Turner be concerned that there was no longer a western frontier for the U.S. to explore?

The loss of the frontier would prevent the U.S. from achieving greater equality during the next period of its history.

Without the western frontier, the U.S. could lose its sense of purpose and opportunity for political and economic growth.

The loss of the frontier would lead to a Constitutional crisis during the next period of American history.

Expansion had helped Americans avoid confrontations, so without it, the likelihood of wars would increase.

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