D.1

Antebellum reform movements

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Historians refer to the period from about 1820 to 1860 in the United States as the antebellum period. Antebellum means "before the war," referring to the time period before the Civil War (1861–1865). In the antebellum period, many Americans worried about the social problems they saw around them. To help solve these problems, some people started reform

movements,

or efforts to improve society.

Match each social problem with the reform movement that tried to solve it.

The prison reform movement built penitentiaries where prisoners could receive counseling and education.

The women's rights movement demanded equal rights for women.

The temperance movement tried to convince people to drink alcohol in small amounts, or to avoid it completely.

The moral treatment movement stressed the need for specialized mental hospitals.

The abolition movement worked to end slavery in the United States.

Social problem

Reform movement

Inmates in overcrowded jails did not get the support they needed to become productive citizens.

High rates of alcohol consumption were associated with lower economic productivity and increased violence.

Mentally ill people were often abused or kept in prisons.

Millions of African American people were enslaved in the United States.

Women were not allowed to vote and did not have the same legal rights as men.

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