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World War I: the Great War

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The passage below describes how World War I started with a single incident, but spread quickly into a large-scale war. Read the passage. Then answer the question.

In the early 1900s, countries in Europe were part of alliances, or agreements to protect each other if they were attacked. There were two rival alliance groups:

The Central powers alliance included Austria-Hungary, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire.
The Allied powers included Russia, France, and Great Britain.

In 1914, a Serbian nationalist assassinated a top official from Austria-Hungary. Austria-Hungary responded by declaring war on Serbia, sparking a chain reaction that forced allies to declare war. Although Serbia wasn't an official member of an alliance, it had strong ties to Russia. So, Russia immediately stepped in to defend Serbia. Then, Germany supported its ally Austria-Hungary by declaring war on Russia. Next, France joined the war to uphold alliance agreements with Russia. This made Great Britain join with the Allied powers to defend both France and Russia.

How did the alliance system in Europe lead to World War I?

When Russia stepped in to defend Serbia, Germany also had to defend Serbia.

When one country declared war, many other countries had to join in to defend their allies.

When a country outside the alliance system declared war, all the others joined to fight the outside power.

Once two countries were at war, the other countries were able to step aside.