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The Burning Cuyahoga
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In northern Ohio, the Cuyahoga River winds through the city of Cleveland before flowing into Lake Erie. People enjoy kayaking and fishing on the nearly one- hundred- mile- long river. Birds, beavers, and other wildlife can sometimes be spotted along its banks. But the river wasn't always a clean, safe place to be. In fact, the river used to be so polluted that it often caught on fire!
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The Cuyahoga started getting polluted around the middle of the nineteenth century, when factories began using the river as a place to dump their waste. This practice continued for over one hundred years. Over time, the river became filled with oil and other harmful materials. Some of these materials were highly flammable, and this led to fires on the river.
On June 22, 1969, a spark from a passing train once again ignited the river. Luckily, the fire was put out in about twenty minutes. Over the years, people in Cleveland had gotten used to the fires, so no one paid much attention to this one. Later that summer, though, a reporter from a popular American news magazine wrote an article about the event. There were no photos of the June fire, so the magazine used a photo from an earlier, bigger fire. That fire had burned for three days.
The magazine article shocked many Americans. The burning Cuyahoga became a symbol of America's pollution predicament. Dirty land, air, and water were creating trouble across the country, even hurting people and animals. More and more people were saying that the government needed to take action. As a result, President Nixon helped form the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1970. As part of the government, the EPA makes rules about the kinds and amounts of materials that can be put into the environment.
When the EPA first examined the Cuyahoga River in 1972, they found hardly any fish. They discovered high levels of harmful metals and chemicals. But after years of work, the Cuyahoga now has thousands of fish. The city of Cleveland has even used the river as a source for drinking water. These improvements are, in part, the result of a fire that helped spark change.
What is the text about?
It is about how a river fire helped lead to changes that have protected the environment.
It is about how the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) protects lakes and oceans.
It is about how scientists remove oil and other harmful materials from rivers.
It is about why factories and steel mills dumped waste into the Cuyahoga River.
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